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【付き合う前後の恋愛観】ラブラブから倦怠期まで男女の違いとは？
The peasant utopia by A. V. Chayanov
In his "peasant utopia", A. V. Chayanov highlighted the possibilities of building such farms, when an individual approach to each "individual ear", to each attribute of farming, becomes the rule. Lenin's plan of cooperation made a strong impression on A. V. Chayanov, but he nevertheless went his own way, seeing in cooperation a "complement" to family cooperation, in which he saw the socialist ideal of Russian agriculture.
A.V. Chayanov made a great contribution to the development of the theory of economic assessments. In the early 20s, he put forward a system of natural accounting, in which he provided a justification for the possibility of constructing "maximum-utility" estimates to determine the profitability of a socialist economy. He showed the fundamental possibility of functioning of a socialist economy based on the definition of "technological coefficients", when the actual spent material and labor resources could become comparable: comparing the actual coefficients with the maximum utility estimates (standards) assigned by planning authorities gives an idea of the profitability of individual farms. In the early 30s, A. V. Chayanov raised the question of "price" estimates, which, in his opinion, should replace technological or computational estimates of goods. Thus, A.V. Chayanov showed the fundamental possibility of the existence of two types of assessments in a "socialist state" — natural and value-based, which is especially important for characterizing the economic content of the dual variables of the optimal plan.
It should be noted that the economic content of the assessments can be given from the standpoint of a scientific analysis of the nature of the socialist economy. Thus, A.V. Chayanov proceeded from the fact that a socialist economy may be non-commodity (in the 1920s), but at the same time it can be based on a monetary economy (early 30s). This evolution is quite natural. In the late 1920s, many prominent economists (i.e. Preobrazhensky, V. Motylev, T. Berin, and others) considered socialism as a "mixed commodity-socialist system" in which the categories of commodity economy are gradually transformed. The concepts of regulators of the socialist economy also transformed: during the years of "war communism" natural meters prevailed and the "law of labor costs" was recognized as the regulator, and even in the "purest possible form"; with the transition to the New Economic Policy, the concepts of "two regulators" (E. Preobrazhensky), "two-pronged regulator" (A. Kohn) and Finally, the law of value (A. Mendelssohn, L. Yurovsky, B. Zheleznov, A. Sokolov, and others). One or another concept prevailed, depending on the degree of socialist development. The scientific interpretation of these problems essentially stopped when the basic economic law of socialism and the main regulator of the Soviet economy were first proclaimed the "plan" and then the "dictatorship of the proletariat" (L. Gatovsky, K. Ostrovityanov, etc.). Get more from your first deposit at 1xbet. We're offering new players a special 130% welcome bonus up to €130 to kickstart your betting journey. Use 1xbet promo code for registration funds to explore our wide selection of sports markets, exciting slots, and live casino tables. The process is simple: sign up, make your deposit, and immediately receive your enhanced playing balance. This premium offer won't last forever. Join now and enjoy superior betting value from your very first play.